Sept 7, 2007 4 in one major respect however life on the late glacial landscape differed from what we see today. Identifying longterm stable refugia for relict plant. Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the mediterranean basin author. Regions of high species richness have been labelled, and species statistics for each region are provided in the electronic supplementary material, table s2. Top c seed dispersal after glaciation is rare, even from nearby glacial refugia. Dec 22, 2011 in the present study, we assessed the influence of current climate and timelagged migration following late glacial and postglacial warming simply referred to as postglacial migrational lag on the ranges for more than plant species. Second, the location of glacial refugia 8,25 has significant implications for recolonization dynamics in response to postglacial warming 1,3,10,26, which in the. Beringias influence on the distribution and diversity of tundra plants of bridges and barriers in beringiaeric g. How glacial history and environmental variation affect. Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the. Roberts and andreas hamann department of renewable resources, university of alberta, 751 general services building, edmonton, alberta, canada t6g 2h1 north american tree species, subspecies and genetic varieties have primarily. Background recent climatic history has strongly impacted plant populations, but little is known about its effect on microbes. Aug 27, 2019 we aimed to test this for plants in china and whether multispecies hotspots of genetic diversity are good indicators of glacial refugia in this region. A primary concern raised at this workshop was to improve our ability to identify glacial refugia using independent sources of information hu et al.
Alders, which host few and specific symbionts, have high genetic diversity in glacial refugia. For instance, fossils can offer the clearest evidence for the presence of a species in a given locale, but they are often. Location the study was carried out throughout europe. Earths biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. The role of pleistocene refugia and rivers in shaping. Due to a lower sea level during the last glacial period, it is suspected that the exposed continental shelf played a large role in acting as a refugium to many different organisms as.
A general assumption inherent to most of these studies is that glacial refugia harbor higher levels of genetic diversity than do areas that have been colonized after the retreat of glaciers 1. The specific vulnerability of plant biodiversity and vegetation on. Also, metaanalyses are performed to investigate if distribution ranges and genetic structure are associated with lifehistory traits. The role of pleistocene forest refugia and rivers in the evolutionary diversification of tropical biota has been the subject of considerable debate.
Todays subalpine tree species, such as abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir, pinus albicaulis whitebark. To minimize impacts on glacial refugia and associated conservation features, developers are asked to observe the following recommended best practices. Blackwell science, ltd molecular phylogeography of dryas. Genetic diversity hotspots and refugia identified by. Thus, glacial refugia had a significant influence on the pattern of woody plant diversity in the forested regions of xinjiang. The influence of pleistocene climatic oscillations on phy logeographic patterns, and more generally on current distribu tions of genetic and species diversity. Decreasing genetic diversity from sw to ne and distinct gene pool clustering imply refugia on the iberian peninsula and in western france, from where. Identifying longterm stable refugia for relict plant species. Mountains of southern china as plant museums and plant. Glacial refugia and postglacial spread of an iconic large. Aug 01, 2011 the occurrence of areas or centers of endemism is commonly attributed to the existence of suitable refugia in which plant lineages survived while others evolved during the late neogene and quaternary global cooling. Alpine plant species, comparative phylogeography, glacial refugia, historical biogeography, quaternary glaciation. Under jc, natural enemies promote host diversity by preferential attack on juveniles of specific hosts where and when the host is at high density, benefitting.
Founding events would have been strongest in these species, which would have left a major share of their genetic diversity in the refugia. Rangewide phylogeography of a birddispersed eurasian. A populations contribution to diversity is more dependent on its divergence from other populations, than its own within species diversity. Assessing the influence of life form and life cycle on the. Molecular evidence for glacial refugia of mountain plants in the. This has been challenged by the notion of northern cryptic glacial refugia of boreal and temperate trees with disjunct distributions. Ashcroft mb 2010 identifying refugia from climate change.
The tianshan mountains, located in arid central asia, have a humid climate and are biodiversity hotspots. Glacial refugia are areas sheltered from the strong cli matic deteriorations during ice ages, where species could. A rangewide analysis of gorilla mitochondrial and nuclear variation was used to test the potential role of both refugia and rivers in shaping genetic diversity in current populations. In particular, we examined the evidence for one refugium beringia vs. Beringias influence on the distribution and diversity of tundra plants. Glacial refugia and diversification of forest species in.
Glacial refugia and postglacial expansion of the alpine. Identifying refugial populations sheds light on the influence of quaternary climate in current distributions and may also help in predicting. According to the classic southern refugia box 1 paradigm, during glacial extremes, small temperate and boreal tree populations persisted in southern europe south of the alps, while restricted boreal populations might have also survived farther north. In this paper we demonstrate that, by investigating polyploid complexes inasplenium, it is possible to locate the areas in europe that are southern glacial refugia, and are likely to have been so since the beginning of the pleistocene during the consecutive cold and warm periods in europe. The glacial refugia are hotspots, places where diversity is being created, but they are not melting pots of diversity. In addition to extensive southern glacial refugia where large but nevertheless reduced population sizes were maintained taberlet et al. Jun 22, 2009 of the 52 refugia identified, 33 are situated in the western mediterranean basin and 19 in the eastern part. To examine this expectation, samples were arbitrarily assigned to northern and southern groups. Genetic diversity hotspots and refugia identified by mapping. Plant responses to past climate change could have been shaped by lifehistory traits. Within the korean peninsula, however, it is regarded as a sort of backbone, not only because it stretches across the whole peninsula with over 1,600 km it is one of the longest chains of east asia but also because it is deeply embedded within the koreans spirituality choi, 2004. Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the mediterranean basin. Glacial refuge areas are expected to harbor a large fraction of the intraspecific biodiversity of the temperate biota.
Coastal refugia are locations of refuge located on uncovered coastal regions or islands. Glacial refugia synonyms, glacial refugia pronunciation, glacial refugia translation, english dictionary definition of glacial refugia. The influence of pleistocene glacial refugia on tawny owl genetic diversity and phylogeography in western europe patricia h. A new paper by bernard comps and coworkers 2 suggests that this assumption might be too simplistic. Here, we aimed to clarify whether the pattern of species diversity and the phylogenetic structure of plant communities is affected by environmental variables and glacial refugia. Identifying climate refugia for 30 australian rainforest. This has been challenged by the notion of northern cryptic glacial refugia of boreal. Brito american museum of natural history, ornithology department, central park west at 79th street, new york, ny 10024, usa abstract the glacial refugia hypothesis indicates that during the height of the pleistocene. Consistent role of quaternary climate change in shaping. Several lines of evidence indicate that southern chinese mountains. Glacial refugia and postglacial colonization patterns in. In this study, plant community assemblies of 17 research sites with a total of 35. Glacial refugia and modern genetic diversity of 22 western.
Xerophytic woody species have wider ranges than woody species in forests in xinjiang fig. Molecular evidence for glacial refugia of mountain plants. Extramediterranean glacial refuges in barred and common. Glacial refugia and mediterranean plant diversity patterns not exist. Reconstructed glacial refugia for 22 western north american tree species at the last glacial maximum 21 000 years ago, averaged across two gcm palaeoclimate simulations gfdl and ccm1. The locations of the phylogeographically defined refugia are significantly associated with the 10 regional hotspots of plant biodiversity, with 26 of these refugia i. Refugia represent climatically stable areas and constitute a high conservation priority as key areas for the longterm persistence of species and genetic diversity. A summary of projected range reconstructions for all species suggest a number of regions where different groups of tree species may have found refuge during the last glacial maximum figure 1 and table 1. Definitions, aims and questions the influence of the quaternary climatic oscillation on distributing and evolution of closely related taxa single species phylogeographic studies or multispecies comparative phylogeographic studies identification of the glacial refugia and migration routes identification of the gene flow, contact and break zones, among populations and.
In particular, high genetic uniqueness could be expected within glacial refugia for multiple species. This has been challenged by the notion of northern cryptic glacial refugia of boreal and temperate trees with disjunct distributions that. Glacial refugia and modern genetic diversity of 22 western north american tree species david r. Dechaine department of biology, western washington university, bellingham, usa. In china, several studies performed since the 1980s have identified the mountains of central and southern china as the main centers of endemism in the country. The influence of pleistocene glacial refugia on tawny owl genetic diversity and phylogeography in western europe article pdf available in molecular ecology 1410. A related problem is that the locations of mediterranean refugia may have been variable from one glacial to another reille et al. Medail f, diadema k 2009 glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the mediterranean basin. Sept 7, 2007 3 oceanic ecosystems persisted, leading to a unique set of plant species and subspecific lineages endemic to the region. Biogeographical network analysis of plant species distribution in the.
Although this indicator may be influenced by gradients in species. Materials and methods sampling of plant populations during the summers of 1995 and 1996 seeds were collected from 42 populations from across the range of the species table 1. Pdf the influence of pleistocene glacial refugia on. On glacial refugia, genetic diversity, and microevolutionary. Multiple refugia from penultimate glaciations in east asia. Lowland glacial refugia, unlike nunatak and peripheral glacial refugia, is a type of refugia that exists outside of the mountain system in the lowlands. Glacial refugia definition of glacial refugia by the. To test this hypothesis, we studied chloroplast dna variation in 22 widespread european trees and shrubs sampled in the same forests. While the level of diversity and complexity of such dataset may.
Here, we tested the prediction that communities of root symbionts survived in refugia with their host populations. Under glacial cycling, refugia play an important role in maintaining genetic diversity and providing sources of admixture in postglacial colonization 3, 4. Evidence for cryptic northern refugia in the last glacial. Towards an ecoevolutionary understanding of endemism. Genetic diversity in glacial refugia should be much higher than in recently colonized regions 1,2,16. The jc hypothesis 1,2 describes a mechanism by which plant enemies regulate tree community structure and diversity through negative density and distancedependent ndd regulation. Phylogeography of quercus variabilisbased on chloroplast dna. From chloroplast dna haplotype data for 116 species we calculated two local genetic diversity metrics for each species. Putative glacial refugia of cedrus atlantica deduced from. Abstract aim the aims of this study were to assess the distribution of putative mediterranean refugia of plants, to compare the locations of. Frontiers spatial patterns of species diversity and. Jul 01, 2009 glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the mediterranean basin medail, frederic. Identification and conservation of these specific areas that serve as safe havens for. For instance, the southernmost parts of the main refugia have been under the full influence of the mediterranean climate.
This has been challenged by the notion of northern cryptic glacial refugia of boreal and temperate trees with. The geographical coincidence of hotspots of intraspecific diversity and putative glacial refugia has long led us to assume a causative relation between the two, and thus to see these areas as longterm repositories of intraspecific variation for many temperate species, owing to the hypothesized occurrence of persistently large and. Consistent role of quaternary climate change in shaping current plant functional diversity patterns across european plant orders. Refugia represent climatically stable areas and constitute a high conservation priority as key areas for the long. The locations of glacial refugia were assessed using structure analysis, and potential habitats under current and past. Figure 1 is a relatively unknown mountain range outside korea. Dna studies of mountain sorrel oxyria digyna, a globally widespread alpine plant, also. Journal of biogeographysc aim the aims of this study were to assess the. This implies that evolutionary or biogeographic processes induced by climatic fluctuations act on gene and species diversity in a similar way. According to the classic southern refugia paradigm, during glacial extremes, small temperate and boreal tree populations persisted in southern europe south of the alps, while restricted boreal populations might have also survived farther north 1, 2, 3. Genetic diversity patterns of an herbaceous lineage of nolana along western south america 1 paulina g. Refugia provide more stable environmental conditions e. Most species had genetically divergent populations in mediterranean regions, especially those with low seed dispersal abilities.
Mastodons, giant bison, mammoth even giant ground sloth roamed parts of bc harington 2001. Genetic diversity and structure were examined using 20 microsatellite markers in 37 populations of c. However, the ecological requirements of plant species have a strong impact on their glacial and postglacial history and different hypotheses about the migration and survival of plant species during. Crossscale analysis of the region effect on vascular. How glacial history and environmental variation affect population differentiation and gene flow dynamics in alpine plant species\ud \ud the focus of my doctoral thesis lies on the genetic diversity and local adaptation of plant species in the european alps. We did this by assessing the directionality, magnitude, and relative importance of various contemporary and historical.
The species suspected to have the lowest dispersal abilities e. The influence of pleistocene glacial refugia on tawny owl. Both diversity patterns and ecological niche modelling indicated there could be multiple glacial refugia and possible bottleneck or founder effects occurred in the southern japan. The locations of these refugia differed from one glacial period to another, which led to different. Situated beyond the limits of ice shields, lowland refugia has been identified for a number of plant and animal species. The locations of these refugia differed from one glacial period to another, which led to different post glacial dynamics and ecosystem compositions. Insight into distribution patterns and conservation planning. We aimed to test this for plants in china and whether multispecies hotspots of genetic diversity are good indicators of glacial refugia in this region. We determined the genetic diversity, population structure, haplotype genealogy and time to the most recent common ancestor. The origin of the genetic diversity of several european forest species is located in areas that played a role as glacial refugia petit et al. If you are conducting land use activities within the boundary of glacial refugia, make sure to conduct a general biophysical survey, including a rare plant survey. Most species had genetically divergent populations in mediterranean regions, especially those with low seed. Aim to understand the impact of glacial refugia and migration pathways on the modern genetic diversity of pinus sylvestris.
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